1c89c82c-bb25-4ada-9cb1-102c7147e61a.metadata.xml eng utf8 series GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel datamanagement@geomar.de pointOfContact 2019-03-01T12:38:23Z ISO19115 Supplementary Data to "Meeting climate targets by direct CO2 injections: what price would the ocean have to pay?" 2019-11-07 publication hdl:20.500.12085/1c89c82c-bb25-4ada-9cb1-102c7147e61a We investigate the climate mitigation potential and collateral effects of direct injections of captured CO2 into the deep ocean as a possible means to close the gap between an intermediate CO2 emissions scenario and a specific temperature target, such as the 1.5 ∘C target aimed for by the Paris Agreement. For that purpose, a suite of approaches for controlling the amount of direct CO2 injections at 3000 m water depth are implemented in an Earth system model of intermediate complexity. Following the representative concentration pathway RCP4.5, which is a medium mitigation CO2 emissions scenario, cumulative CO2 injections required to meet the 1.5 ∘C climate goal are found to be 390 Gt C by the year 2100 and 1562 Gt C at the end of simulations, by the year 3020. The latter includes a cumulative leakage of 602 Gt C that needs to be reinjected in order to sustain the targeted global mean temperature. CaCO3 sediment and weathering feedbacks reduce the required CO2 injections that comply with the 1.5 ∘C target by about 13 % in 2100 and by about 11 % at the end of the simulation. With respect to the injection-related impacts we find that average pH values in the surface ocean are increased by about 0.13 to 0.18 units, when compared to the control run. In the model, this results in significant increases in potential coral reef habitats, i.e., the volume of the global upper ocean (0 to 130 m depth) with omega aragonite > 3.4 and ocean temperatures between 21 and 28 ∘C, compared to the control run. The potential benefits in the upper ocean come at the expense of strongly acidified water masses at depth, with maximum pH reductions of about −2.37 units, relative to preindustrial levels, in the vicinity of the injection sites. Overall, this study demonstrates that massive amounts of CO2 would need to be injected into the deep ocean in order to reach and maintain the 1.5 ∘C climate target in a medium mitigation scenario on a millennium timescale, and that there is a trade-off between injection-related reductions in atmospheric CO2 levels accompanied by reduced upper-ocean acidification and adverse effects on deep-ocean chemistry, particularly near the injection sites. Reith, Fabian Koeve, Wolfgang Keller, David P. Getzlaff, Julia Oschlies, Andreas GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel datamanagement@geomar.de pointOfContact Atmospheric conditions GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 GEMET 2008-06-01 publication Publication: "Meeting climate targets by direct CO2 injections: what price would the ocean have to pay?". doi:10.5194/esd-10-711-2019 Reith, Fabian GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel author Koeve, Wolfgang GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel author Keller, David P. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel author Getzlaff, Julia GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel author Oschlies, Andreas GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel author This digital object may be subject to copyright or licensing. If you wish to reuse this digital object, please ask for permissions and terms of use. restricted otherRestrictions conditions to access and use unknown otherRestrictions no limitations to public access doi:10.5194/esd-10-711-2019 largerWorkCitation collection SPP 1689 largerWorkCitation project Opendap largerWorkCitation project eng geoscientificInformation -180.00 180.00 -90.00 90.00 oceanrep_access_rights: info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess\noceanrep_eprintid: 45952\noceanrep_open_access: TRUE\noceanrep_publication: Earth System Dynamics\noceanrep_publisher: Copernicus Publications (EGU)\noceanrep_divisions: FB2-BM, FB2-CH\noceanrep_oa_apc_fund: GEOMAR\n GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel distributor https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12085/1c89c82c-bb25-4ada-9cb1-102c7147e61a http Landing page information https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12085/1c89c82c-bb25-4ada-9cb1-102c7147e61a@metadata http Metadata information https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12085/1c89c82c-bb25-4ada-9cb1-102c7147e61a@thredds http THREDDS information series Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services 2010-12-08 publication Reith, Fabian, Koeve, Wolfgang, Keller, David P., Getzlaff, Julia, Oschlies, Andreas, created the series.