The Kiel Climate Model (KCM) and CSIRO-MK3l large ensembles of global warming simulations, an output of a collaborative project between GEOMAR (Kiel, Germany) and Climate Change Research Centre (UNSW, Sydney, Australia), were conducted to investigate the impacts of Pacific climate variability on the Global Mean Temperature (GMT). These data sets are publically available.

Brief Description:
Each model data includes long-term control run integration and three large ensembles of global warming simulation. Each ensemble has 22 members subjected to idealized transient radiative forcing according to a 1% per year CO2 warming scenario. In the first ensemble set (KCM-ICs; Mk3l-ICs), integrations start from different oceanic and atmospheric initial conditions at different times of the control runs. In the second (KCM-IPO-Cold; Mk3l-IPO-Cold) and the third ensemble sets (KCM-IPO-Warm; Mk3l-IPO-Warm), the ensemble spread is produced by only perturbing the atmospheric initial conditions while the oceanic initial conditions remain fixed). The initial climate state of KCM-IPO-Cold and Mk3l-IPO-Cold matches the cold phase of IPO whereas KCM-IPO-Warm and Mk3l-IPO-Warm are initialized from warm phase of IPO (see Bordbar et al. 2019).

Variables: Gridded global Surface Air Temperature (SAT), Zonal Wind Stress and time series of GMT for the warming simulations

Temporal Resolution: Annually mean,  Spatial Coverage: 87.15°S-87.15°N, 0.0°E-356.25E

Terms-of-Use
Please note: If you use above-mentioned KCM or Mk3l data products, we ask that you acknowledge us in your use of the data . This may be done by addressing KCM/Mk3l data provided by the GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany/CCRC, UNSW, Sydney, Australia in any documents or presentation. If you use these data in peer-reviewed publications, we ask you to cite Bordbar et al, 2015 and Bordbar et al, 2019. 

References:
Bordbar, M. H., et al. (2019): Uncertainty in near-term global surface warming linked to tropical Pacific climate variability. Nature Communication.
Bordbar M. H., et al. (2017): Role of internal variability in recent decadal to multidecadal tropical Pacific climate changes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, doi:10.1002/2016GL072355.
Bordbar, M. H., Martin, T., Latif, M., Park, W. (2015): Effects of long-term variability on projections of twenty-first century dynamic sea level. Nature Climate Change, 5, 343–347.

Contact
Dr. Hadi Bordbar
GEOMAR,Ocean Circulation and Climate Dynamics,Marine Meteorology,
Address: Düstenbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
Email: Ocean.Circulation@gmail.com, mbordbar@geomar.de