https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12085/ef8fead0-2cc7-4d11-a19f-03e2753258ce@metadata eng utf8 series GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel datamanagement@geomar.de https://ror.org/02h2x0161 WWW:LINK web browser information pointOfContact 2025-09-05T11:29:56 ISO19115 Supplementary Data to "Direct cooling effect of artificial upwelling dominates over its marine carbon dioxide removal potential." 2025-08-28 publication https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12085/ef8fead0-2cc7-4d11-a19f-03e2753258ce Jürchott, Malte https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5236-3108 WWW:LINK web browser information originator Oschlies, Andreas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8295-4013 WWW:LINK web browser information originator Mengis, Nadine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0312-7069 WWW:LINK web browser information originator Frenger, Ivy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3490-7239 WWW:LINK web browser information originator Koeve, Wolfgang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2298-9230 WWW:LINK web browser information originator Artificial upwelling (AU) is investigated as a marine carbon dioxide removal (CDR) method with a strong focus on its potential impact on Earth’s carbon cycle, in particular enhanced air-sea CO2 flux. The overarching goal of marine CDR methods is to contribute to offsetting remaining CO2 emissions as a means to stabilize global mean surface air temperature (SAT). However, AU also directly affects ocean heat uptake (OHU) through the upwelling of cold ocean interior water to the surface and the simultaneous backflow of warm surface water into the ocean interior. In this study, we challenge the carbon centered perception of AU. We simulate large-scale AU in an Earth system model of intermediate complexity between the years 2025 and 2100 with and without its direct impact on OHU under low, medium and high future CO2 emission scenarios. Thus, we can quantify the individual contributions of AU-induced carbon and heat effects to changes in global mean SAT. We find the direct impacts of AU on OHU to be key for a significant reduction in global mean SAT and the atmosphere’s CO2 concentration under all simulated future CO2 emission pathways. If AU directly impacts OHU, we can attribute only 17 % under RCP 2.6 to 27% under RCP 8.5 of the reduction in global mean SAT (-0.17 to -0.27˚C) until the end of the century to the reduction in the atmosphere’s CO2 inventory (-5.9 to -31.2 Pg C). Our findings lead us to challenge the classical view of AU as primarily a marine CDR method. Instead, we propose to consider AU as a method to enhance OHU and thereby reduce global mean SAT, with secondary effects on the carbon cycle that result in some CDR. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel datamanagement@geomar.de pointOfContact artificial upwelling carbon dioxide removal (cdr) surface air temperature (sat) ocean heat uptake (ohu) earth system feedbacks tcre carbon cycle Sea regions GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 GEMET 2008-06-01 publication otherRestrictions conditions to access and use unknown otherRestrictions no limitations to public access http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae0054 largerWorkCitation collection Test-ArtUp largerWorkCitation project CDRmare largerWorkCitation project SEAO2-CDR largerWorkCitation project eng oceans geoscientificInformation oceanrep_eprintid: 62731\noceanrep_eprint_status: archive\noceanrep_lastmod: 2025-09-05 11:29:56\noceanrep_status_changed: 2025-09-05 11:29:56\noceanrep_ispublished: inpress\noceanrep_full_text_status: public\noceanrep_publication: Environmental Research Letters\noceanrep_refereed: TRUE\noceanrep_issn: 1748-9326\noceanrep_collection: public\noceanrep_open_access: TRUE\noceanrep_fp7_type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article\noceanrep_access_rights: info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess\n https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12085/ef8fead0-2cc7-4d11-a19f-03e2753258ce WWW:LINK information series Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services 2010-12-08 publication false Malte Jürchott, Andreas Oschlies, Nadine Mengis, Ivy Frenger, Wolfgang Koeve, created the series. notPlanned This metadata document contains metadata from the OAI EP3 export of https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/62731. Data quality, in particular completeness, accuracy, precision, consistency and currentness have not been checked, yet.